Specialist dictionary

Reporting verbs

Verbs used to introduce, attribute, challenge, support and interpret scholarly claims.

Core vocabulary

120 featured terms

The database can contain more terms than shown here; this page prioritises the strongest mappings.

Accentverb

to stress, single out as important; "Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet"

Accentuateverb

to stress, single out as important; "Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet"

Acknowledgeverb

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept their power and authority; "The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne";…

Affirmverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Affirmverb

to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"

Annotationnoun

a comment or instruction (usually added); "his notes were appended at the end of the article"; "he added a short notation to the address on the…

Argueverb

give evidence of; "The evidence argues for your claim"; "The results indicate the need for more work"

Argueverb

have an argument about something

Assertverb

to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"

Attestverb

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "Th…

Aververb

to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"

Avowverb

to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"

Bear outverb

support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; "The stories and claims were born out by the evidence"

Breakverb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Bring outverb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Certifyverb

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "Th…

Claimnoun

an assertion that something is true or factual; "his claim that he was innocent"; "evidence contradicted the government's claims"

Concedeverb

be willing to concede; "I grant you this much"

Concludeverb

bring to a close; "The committee concluded the meeting"

Confirmverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Conflictnoun

a disagreement or argument about something important; "he had a dispute with his wife"; "there were irreconcilable differences"; "the familiar c…

Conjectureverb

to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps"

Construeverb

make sense of; assign a meaning to; "What message do you see in this letter?"; "How do you interpret his behavior?"

Contendverb

have an argument about something

Corroborateverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Corroborateverb

support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; "The stories and claims were born out by the evidence"

Debateverb

have an argument about something

Demonstrateverb

establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound";…

Demonstrateverb

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "Th…

Differencenoun

a disagreement or argument about something important; "he had a dispute with his wife"; "there were irreconcilable differences"; "the familiar c…

Difference of opinionnoun

a disagreement or argument about something important; "he had a dispute with his wife"; "there were irreconcilable differences"; "the familiar c…

Discloseverb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Discoververb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Disputenoun

a disagreement or argument about something important; "he had a dispute with his wife"; "there were irreconcilable differences"; "the familiar c…

Divulgeverb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Documentverb

support or supply with references; "Can you document your claims?"

Emphasiseverb

to stress, single out as important; "Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet"

Emphasizeverb

to stress, single out as important; "Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet"

Entailverb

have as a logical consequence; "The water shortage means that we have to stop taking long showers"

Establishverb

establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound";…

Evidenceverb

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "Th…

Exposeverb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Fenceverb

have an argument about something

Give awayverb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Grantverb

be willing to concede; "I grant you this much"

High spotnoun

the most interesting or memorable part; "the highlight of the tour was our visit to the Vatican"

Highlightnoun

the most interesting or memorable part; "the highlight of the tour was our visit to the Vatican"

Hypothecateverb

to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps"

Hypothesiseverb

to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps"

Hypothesizeverb

to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps"

Identifyverb

give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property; "Many senators were named i…

Implyverb

have as a logical consequence; "The water shortage means that we have to stop taking long showers"

Indicateverb

give evidence of; "The evidence argues for your claim"; "The results indicate the need for more work"

Inferverb

believe to be the case; "I understand you have no previous experience?"

Interpretverb

make sense of; assign a meaning to; "What message do you see in this letter?"; "How do you interpret his behavior?"

Intimateverb

imply as a possibility; "The evidence suggests a need for more clarification"

Keepverb

supply with necessities and support; "She alone sustained her family"; "The money will sustain our good cause"; "There's little to earn and many…

Knowverb

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept their power and authority; "The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne";…

Let onverb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Let outverb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Maintainverb

supply with necessities and support; "She alone sustained her family"; "The money will sustain our good cause"; "There's little to earn and many…

Manifestverb

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "Th…

Meanverb

have as a logical consequence; "The water shortage means that we have to stop taking long showers"

Mentionverb

make mention of; "She observed that his presentation took up too much time"; "They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing"

Nameverb

give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property; "Many senators were named i…

Notationnoun

a comment or instruction (usually added); "his notes were appended at the end of the article"; "he added a short notation to the address on the…

Notenoun

a comment or instruction (usually added); "his notes were appended at the end of the article"; "he added a short notation to the address on the…

Noteverb

make mention of; "She observed that his presentation took up too much time"; "They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing"

Observeverb

make mention of; "She observed that his presentation took up too much time"; "They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing"

Positnoun

(logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning

Postulatenoun

(logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning

Projectverb

present for consideration, examination, criticism, etc.; "He proposed a new plan for dealing with terrorism"; "She proposed a new theory of rela…

Proposeverb

present for consideration, examination, criticism, etc.; "He proposed a new plan for dealing with terrorism"; "She proposed a new theory of rela…

Proveverb

establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound";…

Punctuateverb

to stress, single out as important; "Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet"

Rebutverb

overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof; "The speaker refuted his opponent's arguments"

Recogniseverb

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept their power and authority; "The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne";…

Recognizeverb

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept their power and authority; "The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne";…

Refuteverb

overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof; "The speaker refuted his opponent's arguments"

Remarkverb

make mention of; "She observed that his presentation took up too much time"; "They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing"

Reportnoun

a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"

Revealverb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Seeverb

make sense of; assign a meaning to; "What message do you see in this letter?"; "How do you interpret his behavior?"

Shewverb

establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound";…

Showverb

establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound";…

Speculateverb

to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps"

Stressverb

to stress, single out as important; "Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet"

Studynoun

a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"

Substantiateverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Suggestverb

imply as a possibility; "The evidence suggests a need for more clarification"

Supportverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Supportverb

support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; "The stories and claims were born out by the evidence"

Supposeverb

to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps"

Sustainverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Sustainverb

supply with necessities and support; "She alone sustained her family"; "The money will sustain our good cause"; "There's little to earn and many…

Swanverb

to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"

Swearverb

to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"

Theoriseverb

to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps"

Theorizeverb

form or construct theories; "he thinks and theorizes all day"

Theorizeverb

to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps"

Uncoververb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Underpinverb

support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; "The stories and claims were born out by the evidence"

Understandverb

believe to be the case; "I understand you have no previous experience?"

Unwrapverb

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…

Verifyverb

to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"

Written reportnoun

a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"

Yieldverb

be willing to concede; "I grant you this much"

Accountverb

to give an account or representation of in words; "Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental"

Bear witnessverb

provide evidence for; "The blood test showed that he was the father"; "Her behavior testified to her incompetence"

Challengenoun

questioning a statement and demanding an explanation; "his challenge of the assumption that Japan is still our enemy"

Describeverb

to give an account or representation of in words; "Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental"

Evidenceverb

provide evidence for; "The blood test showed that he was the father"; "Her behavior testified to her incompetence"

Explainverb

make plain and comprehensible; "He explained the laws of physics to his students"

Explicateverb

make plain and comprehensible; "He explained the laws of physics to his students"

Findverb

accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation; "My son went to Berkeley to find himself"

Find oneselfverb

accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation; "My son went to Berkeley to find himself"

Proveverb

provide evidence for; "The blood test showed that he was the father"; "Her behavior testified to her incompetence"

Reportverb

to give an account or representation of in words; "Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental"

Reportverb

announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding; "Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city"; "Th…

Showverb

provide evidence for; "The blood test showed that he was the father"; "Her behavior testified to her incompetence"