Academic vocabulary
Vocabulary used in study, research, essays and formal analysis.
Areas within Academic vocabulary
Academic writing
Vocabulary for analysis, argument, evidence and scholarly communication.
25 wordsAnalysis and evaluation
Words used to analyse evidence, evaluate quality, distinguish concepts and make critical judgements.
457 wordsEvidence and research
Vocabulary for evidence, sources, findings, methods, data and research claims.
299 wordsArgument and reasoning
Words for claims, premises, inference, justification, counterarguments and conclusions.
134 wordsCause, effect and change
Language for causal relationships, mechanisms, consequences, trends and change over time.
220 wordsComparison and contrast
Vocabulary for similarity, difference, classification, comparison and contrast.
129 wordsCaution and hedging
Language for probability, limitation, uncertainty, qualification and appropriately cautious claims.
141 wordsReporting verbs
Verbs used to introduce, attribute, challenge, support and interpret scholarly claims.
220 wordsEssay and argument structure
Vocabulary for introductions, development, synthesis, transitions and conclusions.
118 wordsQuantitative academic language
Words used to describe magnitude, frequency, distribution, association and statistical evidence.
181 wordsCritical thinking
Vocabulary for assumptions, validity, reliability, bias, interpretation, critique and judgement.
292 words120 featured terms
The database can contain more terms than shown here; this page prioritises the strongest mappings.
(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct; "lasted approximately an hour"; "in just about a minute"; "he's about 30 years old"; "I'v…
Abstractadjectiveexisting only in the mind; separated from embodiment; "abstract words like ‘truth’ and ‘justice’"
Abstract thoughtnounthinking that is coherent and logical
Accelerateverbcause to move faster; "He accelerated the car"
Accentverbto stress, single out as important; "Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet"
Accentuateverbto stress, single out as important; "Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet"
Accountnounthe quality of taking advantage; "she turned her writing skills to good account"
Accountnouna statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.; "the explanation was ve…
Accurateadjective(of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth; strictly correct; "a precise image"; "a p…
Accusativeadjectiveserving as or indicating the object of a verb or of certain prepositions and used for certain other purposes; "objective case"; "accusative endi…
Acknowledgeverbaccept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept their power and authority; "The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne";…
Acquireverbgain through experience; "I acquired a strong aversion to television"; "Children must develop a sense of right and wrong"; "Dave developed leade…
Act uponverbhave and exert influence or effect; "The artist's work influenced the young painter"; "She worked on her friends to support the political candid…
Additionnouna quantity that is added; "there was an addition to property taxes this year"; "they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks"
Affirmverbestablish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"
Affirmverbto declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"
Agreementnouncompatibility of observations; "there was no agreement between theory and measurement"; "the results of two tests were in correspondence"
Alleviateverbmake easier; "you could facilitate the process by sharing your knowledge"
Alternativenounone of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; "what option did I have?"; "there is no other alternative"; "my only choice is to r…
Ambiguitynoununclearness by virtue of having more than one meaning
Analogousadjectivecorresponding in function but not in evolutionary origin; "the wings of a bee and those of a hummingbird are analogous"
Analogynoundrawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect; "the operation of a computer presents an interesting analogy to the working…
Analyseverbconsider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"; "analyze th…
Analyticadjectiveusing or skilled in using analysis (i.e., separating a whole — intellectual or substantial — into its elemental parts or basic principles); "an…
Analyticaladjectiveusing or skilled in using analysis (i.e., separating a whole — intellectual or substantial — into its elemental parts or basic principles); "an…
Analyticallyadverbby virtue of analysis; "assuming that the distinction is maintained, one may ask which is to be analytically prior?"
Analyzeverbconsider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"; "analyze th…
Annotationnouna comment or instruction (usually added); "his notes were appended at the end of the article"; "he added a short notation to the address on the…
Antecedentnounanything that precedes something similar in time; "phrenology was an antecedent of modern neuroscience"
Anticipateverbmake a prediction about; tell in advance; "Call the outcome of an election"
Anticipationnounthe act of predicting (as by reasoning about the future)
Apparentlyadverbunmistakably (‘plain’ is often used informally for ‘plainly’); "the answer is obviously wrong"; "she was in bed and evidently in great pain"; "h…
Apparentlyadverbfrom appearances alone; "irrigation often produces bumper crops from apparently desert land"; "the child is seemingly healthy but the doctor is…
Appendixnouna vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch
Appraisalnounthe classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
Appraiseverbevaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of; "I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional"; "acc…
Approximatelyadverb(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct; "lasted approximately an hour"; "in just about a minute"; "he's about 30 years old"; "I'v…
Argueverbgive evidence of; "The evidence argues for your claim"; "The results indicate the need for more work"
Argueverbhave an argument about something
Argumentnouna discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on"
Argumentationnouna discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on"
Aroundadverb(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct; "lasted approximately an hour"; "in just about a minute"; "he's about 30 years old"; "I'v…
Assertverbto declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"
Assessverbevaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of; "I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional"; "acc…
Assessmentnounthe classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
Associationnouna formal organization of people or groups of people; "he joined the Modern Language Association"
Assortmentnounthe act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type
Assumptionnouna statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured, we can infer that…
Assumptionnounthe act of taking possession of or power over something; "his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba"; "the Nazi assumption of…
Assurancenounfreedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; "his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular"; "after that failure he l…
At timesadverbsporadically and infrequently; "he was arrogant and occasionally callous"; "open areas are only occasionally interrupted by clumps of trees"; "t…
Attestverbprovide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "Th…
Authoritynounfreedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; "his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular"; "after that failure he l…
Aververbto declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"
Averageadjectiverelating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of value…
Avowverbto declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"
Backgroundnounextraneous signals that can be confused with the phenomenon to be observed or measured; "they got a bad connection and could hardly hear one ano…
Background signalnounextraneous signals that can be confused with the phenomenon to be observed or measured; "they got a bad connection and could hardly hear one ano…
Backingnounthe act of providing approval and support; "his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives"
Backupnounthe act of providing approval and support; "his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives"
Baselinenounan imaginary line or standard by which things are measured or compared; "they established a baseline for the budget"
Bear outverbsupport with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; "The stories and claims were born out by the evidence"
Beggarlyadjective(used of sums of money) so small in amount as to deserve contempt
Believabilitynounthe quality of being believable or trustworthy
Believablyadverbeasy to believe on the basis of available evidence; "he talked plausibly before the committee"; "he will probably win the election"
Belikeadverbwith considerable certainty; without much doubt; "He is probably out of the country"; "in all likelihood we are headed for war"
Bench marknouna surveyor's mark on a permanent object of predetermined position and elevation used as a reference point
Benchmarknouna surveyor's mark on a permanent object of predetermined position and elevation used as a reference point
Biasadjectiveslanting diagonally across the grain of a fabric; "a bias fold"
Bibliographynouna list of writings with time and place of publication (such as the writings of a single author or the works referred to in preparing a document…
Breakverbmake known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…
Bring aboutverbcause to happen, occur or exist; "This procedure produces a curious effect"; "The new law gave rise to many complaints"; "These chemicals produc…
Bring outverbmake known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house wo…
Broadlyadverbwithout regard to specific details or exceptions; "he interprets the law broadly"
Broadly speakingadverbwithout regard to specific details or exceptions; "he interprets the law broadly"
By and largeadverbusually; as a rule; "by and large it doesn't rain much here"
Callverbmake a prediction about; tell in advance; "Call the outcome of an election"
Canvassverbconsider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"; "analyze th…
Carefullyadverbas if with kid gloves; with caution or prudence or tact; "she ventured cautiously downstairs"; "they handled the incident with kid gloves"
Carefulnessnounthe trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger; "a man of caution"
Categorisationnounthe act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type
Categorizationnounthe act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type
Categorynouna general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme
Causaladjectiveinvolving or constituting a cause; causing; "a causal relationship between scarcity and higher prices"
Causal factornouna determining or causal element or factor; "education is an important determinant of one's outlook on life"
Causalitynounthe relation between causes and effects
Causationnounthe act of causing something to happen
Causingnounthe act of causing something to happen
Cautionnounthe trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger; "a man of caution"
Cautiouslyadverbas if with kid gloves; with caution or prudence or tact; "she ventured cautiously downstairs"; "they handled the incident with kid gloves"
Cautiousnessnounthe trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger; "a man of caution"
Caveverbhollow out as if making a cave or opening; "The river was caving the banks"
Caveatnoun(law) a formal notice filed with a court or officer to suspend a proceeding until filer is given a hearing; "a caveat filed against the probate…
Cecal appendagenouna vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch
Centilenoun(statistics) any of the 99 numbered points that divide an ordered set of scores into 100 parts each of which contains one-hundredth of the total
Certifyverbprovide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "Th…
Challengenounquestioning a statement and demanding an explanation; "his challenge of the assumption that Japan is still our enemy"
Championshipnounthe act of providing approval and support; "his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives"
Chapternouna subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled; "he read a chapter every night before falling asleep"
Characternouna formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability; "requests…
Character referencenouna formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability; "requests…
Chemical mechanismnounthe atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction; "he determined unique mechanisms for the photochemical reactions"
Choicenounone of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; "what option did I have?"; "there is no other alternative"; "my only choice is to r…
Citationnounan official award (as for bravery or service) usually given as formal public statement
Claimnounan assertion that something is true or factual; "his claim that he was innocent"; "evidence contradicted the government's claims"
Classificationnounthe act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type
Classifyverbdeclare unavailable, as for security reasons; "Classify these documents"
Close toadverb(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct; "lasted approximately an hour"; "in just about a minute"; "he's about 30 years old"; "I'v…
Clothnounartifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers; "the fabric in the curtains was light and semitranspa…
Coefficient of correlationnouna statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1…
Cogencynounthe quality of being valid and rigorous
Coherencenounlogical and orderly and consistent relation of parts
Coherencynounlogical and orderly and consistent relation of parts
Coherentadjectivemarked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts; "a coherent argument"
Combining weightnounthe atomic weight of an element that has the same combining capacity as a given weight of another element; the standard is 8 for oxygen
Commendationnounan official award (as for bravery or service) usually given as formal public statement
Commonlyadverbunder normal conditions; "usually she was late"
Comparabilitynounqualities that are comparable; "no comparison between the two books"; "beyond compare"
Comparableadjectiveable to be compared or worthy of comparison
Comparativelyadverbin a relative manner; by comparison to something else; "the situation is relatively calm now"
