Specialist dictionary

Argument and reasoning

Words for claims, premises, inference, justification, counterarguments and conclusions.

Core vocabulary

120 featured terms

The database can contain more terms than shown here; this page prioritises the strongest mappings.

Abstract thoughtnoun

thinking that is coherent and logical

Affirmverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Argumentnoun

a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on"

Argumentationnoun

a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on"

Assumptionnoun

a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured, we can infer that…

Backingnoun

the act of providing approval and support; "his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives"

Backupnoun

the act of providing approval and support; "his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives"

Bear outverb

support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; "The stories and claims were born out by the evidence"

Caveverb

hollow out as if making a cave or opening; "The river was caving the banks"

Challengenoun

questioning a statement and demanding an explanation; "his challenge of the assumption that Japan is still our enemy"

Championshipnoun

the act of providing approval and support; "his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives"

Coherencenoun

logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts

Coherencynoun

logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts

Coherentadjective

marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts; "a coherent argument"

Confirmverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Consistencynoun

logical coherence and accordance with the facts; "a rambling argument that lacked any consistency"

Consistentadjective

marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts; "a coherent argument"

Contradictionnoun

the speech act of contradicting someone; "he spoke as if he thought his claims were immune to contradiction"

Corroborateverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Corroborateverb

support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; "The stories and claims were born out by the evidence"

Counterargumentnoun

an argument offered in opposition to another argument

Counterclaimnoun

a claim filed in opposition to another claim in a legal action

Debatenoun

a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on"

Deductionnoun

something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); "his resignation had political implications"

Defencenoun

the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions; "his refutation of the charges was short and persuasive"; "in defense he said the othe…

Defensenoun

the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions; "his refutation of the charges was short and persuasive"; "in defense he said the othe…

Disposeverb

make fit or prepared; "Your education qualifies you for this job"

Entailnoun

the act of entailing property; the creation of a fee tail from a fee simple

Entailmentnoun

something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); "his resignation had political implications"

Guaranteeverb

stand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of; "The dealer warrants all the cars he sells"; "I warrant this information"

Guessverb

guess correctly; solve by guessing; "He guessed the right number of beans in the jar and won the prize"

Illationnoun

the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather…

Implicationnoun

something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); "his resignation had political implications"

Implicationnoun

a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred; "the significance of his remark became clear only later"; "the expectation was sprea…

Importnoun

a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred; "the significance of his remark became clear only later"; "the expectation was sprea…

Inferverb

guess correctly; solve by guessing; "He guessed the right number of beans in the jar and won the prize"

Inferencenoun

the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather…

Justificationnoun

the act of defending or explaining or making excuses for by reasoning; "the justification of barbarous means by holy ends" - H.J.Muller

Logicaladjective

marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts; "a coherent argument"

Logicaladjective

capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning; "a logical mind"

Logical thinkingnoun

thinking that is coherent and logical

Makingnoun

an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something; "her qualifications for the job are excellent"; "one of the…

Objectionnoun

(law) a procedure whereby a party to a suit says that a particular line of questioning or a particular witness or a piece of evidence or other m…

Orderedadjective

marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts; "a coherent argument"

Patronagenoun

the act of providing approval and support; "his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives"

Premisenoun

a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured, we can infer that…

Premissnoun

a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured, we can infer that…

Propositionnoun

(logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false

Qualificationnoun

an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something; "her qualifications for the job are excellent"; "one of the…

Qualifyverb

make fit or prepared; "Your education qualifies you for this job"

Reasoningnoun

thinking that is coherent and logical

Rebuttalnoun

the speech act of refuting by offering a contrary contention or argument

Refutationnoun

the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions; "his refutation of the charges was short and persuasive"; "in defense he said the othe…

Significancenoun

a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred; "the significance of his remark became clear only later"; "the expectation was sprea…

Substantiateverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Supportverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Supportverb

support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; "The stories and claims were born out by the evidence"

Sustainverb

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

Undermineverb

hollow out as if making a cave or opening; "The river was caving the banks"

Underpinverb

support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; "The stories and claims were born out by the evidence"

Warrantverb

stand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of; "The dealer warrants all the cars he sells"; "I warrant this information"

Assumptionnoun

the act of taking possession of or power over something; "his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba"; "the Nazi assumption of…

Claimnoun

an assertion that something is true or factual; "his claim that he was innocent"; "evidence contradicted the government's claims"

Cogencynoun

the quality of being valid and rigorous

Competitionnoun

the act of competing as for profit or a prize; "the teams were in fierce contention for first place"

Conclusionnoun

the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)

Contentionnoun

the act of competing as for profit or a prize; "the teams were in fierce contention for first place"

Dissertationnoun

a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree

Evidencenoun

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling"

Groundsnoun

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling"

Intellectnoun

the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination; "we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing goo…

Laying claimnoun

the act of taking possession of or power over something; "his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba"; "the Nazi assumption of…

Logicnoun

reasoned and reasonable judgment; "it made a certain kind of logic"

Principlenoun

(law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature); "the ratio…

Ratiocinationnoun

the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)

Rationalenoun

(law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature); "the ratio…

Reasonnoun

the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination; "we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing goo…

Rigornoun

the quality of being valid and rigorous

Rigournoun

the quality of being valid and rigorous

Rivalrynoun

the act of competing as for profit or a prize; "the teams were in fierce contention for first place"

Soundnessnoun

the quality of being prudent and sensible

Thesisnoun

a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree

Understandingnoun

the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination; "we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing goo…

Validitynoun

the quality of being valid and rigorous

Wisdomnoun

the quality of being prudent and sensible

Wisenessnoun

the quality of being prudent and sensible

Analogynoun

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

Analysisnoun

the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations

Anticipationnoun

the act of predicting (as by reasoning about the future)

Argumentnoun

a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning; "I can't follow your line of rea…

Argumentationnoun

a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning; "I can't follow your line of rea…

Axiomnoun

(logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident

Backverb

establish as valid or genuine; "Can you back up your claims?"

Capacitateverb

make capable; "This instruction capacitates us to understand the problem"

Certifyverb

guarantee as meeting a certain standard; "certified grade AAA meat"

Conditionnoun

an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else

Confutationnoun

the speech act of refuting conclusively

Conjecturenoun

reasoning that involves the formation of conclusions from incomplete evidence

Conversenoun

a proposition obtained by conversion

Corollarynoun

(logic) an inference that follows directly from the proof of another proposition

Coververb

protect by insurance; "The insurance won't cover this"

Deductionnoun

reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)

Deductive reasoningnoun

reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)

Demonstrateverb

establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound";…

Derivationnoun

a line of reasoning that shows how a conclusion follows logically from accepted propositions

Documentverb

support or supply with references; "Can you document your claims?"

Eligibilitynoun

the quality or state of being eligible; "eligibility of a candidate for office"; "eligibility for a loan"

Endorseverb

guarantee as meeting a certain standard; "certified grade AAA meat"

Establishverb

establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound";…

Habilitateverb

qualify for teaching at a university in Europe; "He habilitated after his sabbatical at a prestigious American university"

Indorseverb

guarantee as meeting a certain standard; "certified grade AAA meat"

Ineligibilitynoun

the quality or state of being ineligible

Insureverb

protect by insurance; "The insurance won't cover this"

Lemmanoun

a subsidiary proposition that is assumed to be true in order to prove another proposition

Linenoun

a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning; "I can't follow your line of rea…

Logomachynoun

argument about words or the meaning of words

Negationnoun

(logic) a proposition that is true if and only if another proposition is false

Particularnoun

(logic) a proposition that asserts something about some (but not all) members of a class

Positnoun

(logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning

Postulatenoun

(logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning