Specialist dictionary

Landscapes and landforms

Mountains, valleys, plains, deserts, forests, coasts and natural landforms.

Core vocabulary

120 featured terms

The database can contain more terms than shown here; this page prioritises the strongest mappings.

Accretionnoun

(geology) an increase in land resulting from alluvial deposits or waterborne sediment

Bednoun

(geology) a stratum of rock (especially sedimentary rock); "they found a bed of sandstone"

Breaknoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Clastnoun

(geology) a constituent fragment of a clastic rock

Clastic rocknoun

(geology) a rock composed of broken pieces of older rocks

Deflationnoun

(geology) the erosion of soil as a consequence of sand and dust and loose rocks being removed by the wind; "a constant deflation of the desert l…

Eating awaynoun

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it), also figuratively

Erodingnoun

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it), also figuratively

Erosionnoun

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it), also figuratively

Eskernoun

(geology) a long winding ridge of post glacial gravel and other sediment; deposited by meltwater from glaciers or ice sheets

Exceedancenoun

(geology) the probability that an earthquake will generate a level of ground motion that exceeds a specified reference level during a given expo…

Faultnoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Fault linenoun

(geology) line determined by the intersection of a geological fault and the earth's surface

Faultingnoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Foliationnoun

(geology) the arrangement of leaflike layers in a rock

Formationnoun

(geology) the geological features of the earth

Fracturenoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Geologic processnoun

(geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified

Geological faultnoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Geological formationnoun

(geology) the geological features of the earth

Geological processnoun

(geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified

Geologynoun

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

Groundmassnoun

(geology) the matrix of fine-grained crystalline material in which larger crystals are embedded

Heavenoun

(geology) a horizontal dislocation

Hoodoonoun

(geology) a column of weathered and unusually shaped rock; "a tall sandstone hoodoo"

Isostasynoun

(geology) a general equilibrium of the forces tending to elevate or depress the earth's crust

Kettlenoun

(geology) a hollow (typically filled by a lake) that results from the melting of a mass of ice trapped in glacial deposits

Kettle holenoun

(geology) a hollow (typically filled by a lake) that results from the melting of a mass of ice trapped in glacial deposits

Matrixnoun

(geology) a mass of fine-grained rock in which fossils, crystals, or gems are embedded

Principle of superpositionnoun

(geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest

Saltationnoun

(geology) the leaping movement of sand or soil particles as they are transported in a fluid medium over an uneven surface

Scablandsnoun

(geology) flat elevated land with poor soil and little vegetation that is scarred by dry channels of glacial origin (especially in eastern Washi…

Shiftnoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Shinglingnoun

(geology) sediment in which flat pebbles are uniformly tilted in the same direction

Sillnoun

(geology) a flat (usually horizontal) mass of igneous rock between two layers of older sedimentary rock

Slidenoun

(geology) the descent of a large mass of earth or rocks or snow etc.

Superpositionnoun

(geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest

Superpositionnoun

(geology) the deposition of one geological stratum on another

Superposition principlenoun

(geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest

Upheavalnoun

(geology) a rise of land to a higher elevation (as in the process of mountain building)

Upliftnoun

(geology) a rise of land to a higher elevation (as in the process of mountain building)

Upthrownoun

(geology) a rise of land to a higher elevation (as in the process of mountain building)

Upthrustnoun

(geology) a rise of land to a higher elevation (as in the process of mountain building)

Wearingnoun

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it), also figuratively

Wearing awaynoun

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it), also figuratively

Xenolithnoun

(geology) a piece of rock of different origin from the igneous rock in which it is embedded

Abandonverb

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch; "The mother deserted her children"

Afforestverb

establish a forest on previously unforested land; "afforest the mountains"

Beachverb

land on a beach; "the ship beached near the port"

Canonnoun

a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall

Canyonnoun

a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall

Caveverb

explore natural caves

Cliffnoun

a steep high face of rock; "he stood on a high cliff overlooking the town"; "a steep drop"

Coastnoun

the act of moving smoothly along a surface while remaining in contact with it; "his slide didn't stop until the bottom of the hill"; "the childr…

Desertverb

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch; "The mother deserted her children"

Desolateverb

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch; "The mother deserted her children"

Dropnoun

a steep high face of rock; "he stood on a high cliff overlooking the town"; "a steep drop"

Drop-offnoun

a steep high face of rock; "he stood on a high cliff overlooking the town"; "a steep drop"

Dunenoun

a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans

Esophagusnoun

the passage between the pharynx and the stomach

Forestnoun

land that is covered with trees and shrubs

Forestverb

establish a forest on previously unforested land; "afforest the mountains"

Forsakeverb

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch; "The mother deserted her children"

Glaciernoun

a slowly moving mass of ice

Glidenoun

the act of moving smoothly along a surface while remaining in contact with it; "his slide didn't stop until the bottom of the hill"; "the childr…

Gorgenoun

the passage between the pharynx and the stomach

Grasslandnoun

land where grass or grasslike vegetation grows and is the dominant form of plant life

Gulletnoun

the passage between the pharynx and the stomach

Hillnoun

a local and well-defined elevation of the land; "they loved to roam the hills of West Virginia"

Islandnoun

a zone or area resembling an island

Mountnoun

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

Mountainnoun

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

Oesophagusnoun

the passage between the pharynx and the stomach

Peninsulanoun

a large mass of land projecting into a body of water

Plainadjective

free from any effort to soften to disguise; "the plain and unvarnished truth"; "the unvarnished candor of old people and children"

Plateaunoun

a relatively flat highland

Sand dunenoun

a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans

Savannanoun

a flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions

Savannahnoun

a flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions

Slidenoun

the act of moving smoothly along a surface while remaining in contact with it; "his slide didn't stop until the bottom of the hill"; "the childr…

Spelunkverb

explore natural caves

Tablelandnoun

a relatively flat highland

Timbernoun

land that is covered with trees and shrubs

Timberlandnoun

land that is covered with trees and shrubs

Tundranoun

a vast treeless plain in the Arctic regions where the subsoil is permanently frozen

Unvarnishedadjective

free from any effort to soften to disguise; "the plain and unvarnished truth"; "the unvarnished candor of old people and children"

Valenoun

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

Valleynoun

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

Ventnoun

a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

Volcanonoun

a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

Woodlandnoun

land that is covered with trees and shrubs

Ablationnoun

the erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers

Abrasionnoun

erosion by friction

Alluvionnoun

gradual formation of new land, by recession of the sea or deposit of sediment

Aquifernoun

underground bed or layer yielding ground water for wells and springs etc

Attritionnoun

erosion by friction

Avalanchenoun

a slide of large masses of snow and ice and mud down a mountain

Beachnoun

an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake

Beach erosionnoun

the erosion of beaches

Cavenoun

a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

Chainnoun

a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range"

Chain of mountainsnoun

a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range"

Chatter marknoun

marks on a glaciated rock caused by the movement of a glacier

Corrasionnoun

erosion by friction

Craternoun

a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano

Deltanoun

a low triangular area of alluvial deposits where a river divides before entering a larger body of water; "the Mississippi River delta"; "the Nil…

Depressionnoun

a sunken or depressed geological formation

Desertificationnoun

the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land; "the dust storm…

Detritionnoun

erosion by friction

Diapirnoun

a domed rock formation where a core of rock has moved upward and pierced through the more brittle overlying strata

Diastrophismnoun

the process of deformation that produces continents and ocean basins in the earth's crust

Economic geologynoun

the branch of geology that deals with economically valuable geological materials

Elevationnoun

a raised or elevated geological formation

Foldnoun

a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock

Foldingnoun

a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock

Foliumnoun

a thin layer or stratum of (especially metamorphic) rock

Foreshorenoun

the part of the seashore between the highwater mark and the low-water mark

Fountainnoun

a natural flow of ground water

Geophysical sciencenoun

geology that uses physical principles to study properties of the earth

Geophysicsnoun

geology that uses physical principles to study properties of the earth