Subject dictionary

Physics

Matter, energy, forces, motion, fields and physical systems.

Core vocabulary

120 featured terms

The database can contain more terms than shown here; this page prioritises the strongest mappings.

Absolute magnitudenoun

(astronomy) the magnitude that a star would have if it were viewed from a distance of 10 parsecs (32.62 light years) from the earth

Absorbancenoun

(physics) a measure of the extent to which a substance transmits light or other electromagnetic radiation

Absorbernoun

(physics) material in a nuclear reactor that absorbs radiation

Absorptionnoun

(physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium; "the absorpt…

Absorption factornoun

(physics) the property of a body that determines the fraction of the incident radiation or sound flux absorbed or absorbable by the body

Absorptivitynoun

(physics) the property of a body that determines the fraction of the incident radiation or sound flux absorbed or absorbable by the body

Abundancenoun

(physics) the ratio of the number of atoms of a specific isotope of an element to the total number of isotopes present

Accelerationnoun

(physics) a rate of increase of velocity

Accretionnoun

(astronomy) the formation of a celestial object by the effect of gravity pulling together surrounding objects and gases

Alignmentnoun

(astronomy) apparent meeting or passing of two or more celestial bodies in the same degree of the zodiac

Amplitudenoun

(physics) the maximum displacement of a periodic wave

Angle of dipnoun

(physics) the angle that a magnetic needle makes with the plane of the horizon

Angular accelerationnoun

(physics) the rate of change of the angular velocity of a rotating body

Angular velocitynoun

(physics) the rate of change of the angular position of a rotating body; usually expressed in radians per second or radians per minute

Anomalynoun

(astronomy) position of a planet as defined by its angular distance from its perihelion (as observed from the sun)

Antinodenoun

(physics) the point of maximum displacement in a periodic system

Apoapsisnoun

(astronomy) the point in an orbit farthest from the body being orbited

Ascensionnoun

(astronomy) the rising of a star above the horizon

Asterismnoun

(astronomy) a cluster of stars (or a small constellation)

Astronomynoun

the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

Atomic spectrumnoun

(physics) a spectrum of radiation caused by electron transitions within an atom; the series of spectrum lines is characteristic of the element

Attracternoun

(physics) a point in the ideal multidimensional phase space that is used to describe a system toward which the system tends to evolve regardless…

Attractornoun

(physics) a point in the ideal multidimensional phase space that is used to describe a system toward which the system tends to evolve regardless…

Autumnal equinoxnoun

(astronomy) the equinoctial point that lies in the constellation of Virgo

Barnnoun

(physics) a unit of nuclear cross section; the effective circular area that one particle presents to another as a target for an encounter

Barycenternoun

(astronomy) the common center of mass around which two or more bodies revolve

Bohr theorynoun

(physics) a theory of atomic structure that combined Rutherford's model with the quantum theory; electrons orbiting a nucleus can only be in cer…

Boltzmann distribution lawnoun

(physics) a law expressing the distribution of energy among the molecules of a gas in thermal equilibrium

Bose-Einstein statisticsnoun

(physics) statistical law obeyed by a system of particles whose wave function is not changed when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli excl…

Canalnoun

(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion

Celestial latitudenoun

(astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial body north or to the south of the celestial equator; expressed in degrees; used with right ascen…

Celestial longitudenoun

(astronomy) the equatorial coordinate specifying the angle, measured eastward along the celestial equator, from the vernal equinox to the inters…

Center of buoyancynoun

(physics) the center of mass of the immersed part of ship or other floating object

Center of immersionnoun

(physics) the center of mass of the immersed part of ship or other floating object

Centre of buoyancynoun

(physics) the center of mass of the immersed part of ship or other floating object

Centre of immersionnoun

(physics) the center of mass of the immersed part of ship or other floating object

Chaosnoun

(physics) a dynamical system that is extremely sensitive to its initial conditions

Charles's lawnoun

(physics) the density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the temperature

Charmnoun

(physics) one of the six flavors of quark, the third most massive of all quarks

Classicaladjective

(physics) relating to or based on concepts that preceded the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics

Coefficient of elasticitynoun

(physics) the ratio of the applied stress to the change in shape of an elastic body

Coherentadjective

(physics) of waves having a constant phase relation

Cohesionnoun

(physics) the intermolecular force that holds together the molecules in a solid or liquid

Collisionnoun

(physics) a brief event in which two or more bodies come together; "the collision of the particles resulted in an exchange of energy and a chang…

Colornoun

(physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction; "each flavor of quarks comes in three colors"

Color forcenoun

(physics) the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in the nuclei of atoms; mediated by gluons

Colournoun

(physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction; "each flavor of quarks comes in three colors"

Comanoun

(astronomy) the luminous cloud of particles surrounding the frozen nucleus of a comet; forms as the comet approaches the sun and is warmed

Cometnoun

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

Conjunctionnoun

(astronomy) apparent meeting or passing of two or more celestial bodies in the same degree of the zodiac

Conservationnoun

(physics) the maintenance of a certain quantities unchanged during chemical reactions or physical transformations

Conservation of paritynoun

(physics) parity is conserved in a universe in which the laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of coordinates as in a left-hande…

Constant of gravitationnoun

(physics) the universal constant relating force to mass and distance in Newton's law of gravitation

Containmentnoun

(physics) a system designed to prevent the accidental release of radioactive material from a reactor

Copernican systemnoun

(astronomy) Copernicus' astronomical model in which the Earth rotates around the sun

Coriolis effectnoun

(physics) an effect whereby a body moving in a rotating frame of reference experiences the Coriolis force acting perpendicular to the direction…

Coriolis forcenoun

(physics) a force due to the earth's rotation; acts on a body in motion (airplane or projectile) in a rotating reference frame; in a rotating fr…

Corpuscular theorynoun

(physics) the theory that light is transmitted as a stream of particles

Corpuscular theory of lightnoun

(physics) the theory that light is transmitted as a stream of particles

Couplenoun

(physics) something joined by two equal and opposite forces that act along parallel lines

Cross sectionnoun

(physics) the probability that a particular interaction (as capture or ionization) will take place between particles; measured in barns

Culminationnoun

(astronomy) a heavenly body's highest celestial point above an observer's horizon

Currentnoun

a flow of electricity through a conductor; "the current was measured in amperes"

Date of referencenoun

(astronomy) an arbitrarily fixed date that is the point in time relative to which information (as coordinates of a celestial body) is recorded

Decnoun

(astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial body north or to the south of the celestial equator; expressed in degrees; used with right ascen…

Decelerationnoun

(physics) a rate of decrease in velocity

Declinationnoun

(astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial body north or to the south of the celestial equator; expressed in degrees; used with right ascen…

Diffusionnoun

(physics) the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concent…

Dipnoun

(physics) the angle that a magnetic needle makes with the plane of the horizon

Dualitynoun

(physics) the property of matter and electromagnetic radiation that is characterized by the fact that some properties can be explained best by w…

Dynamical systemnoun

(physics) a phase space together with a transformation of that space

Egressnoun

(astronomy) the reappearance of a celestial body after an eclipse

Einstein's theory of relativitynoun

(physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts

Elastic modulusnoun

(physics) the ratio of the applied stress to the change in shape of an elastic body

Electric currentnoun

a flow of electricity through a conductor; "the current was measured in amperes"

Electric energynoun

(physics) the potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field, or of an electric current in a magnetic field.

Elementary particlenoun

(physics) a particle that is less complex than an atom; regarded as constituents of all matter

Emersionnoun

(astronomy) the reappearance of a celestial body after an eclipse

Energynoun

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs; "energy c…

Ephemeris timenoun

(astronomy) a measure of time defined by Earth's orbital motion; terrestrial time is mean solar time corrected for the irregularities of the Ear…

Epochnoun

(astronomy) an arbitrarily fixed date that is the point in time relative to which information (as coordinates of a celestial body) is recorded

Equinoctial pointnoun

(astronomy) either of the two celestial points at which the celestial equator intersects the ecliptic

Equinoxnoun

(astronomy) either of the two celestial points at which the celestial equator intersects the ecliptic

Extragalactic nebulanoun

(astronomy) a collection of star systems; any of the billions of systems each having many stars and nebulae and dust; "‘extragalactic nebula’ is…

Fermi-Dirac statisticsnoun

(physics) law obeyed by a systems of particles whose wave function changes when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle ap…

Field theorynoun

(physics) a theory that explains a physical phenomenon in terms of a field and the manner in which it interacts with matter or with other fields

Flavornoun

(physics) the six kinds of quarks

Flavournoun

(physics) the six kinds of quarks

Fluxnoun

(physics) the number of changes in energy flow across a given surface per unit area

Flux densitynoun

(physics) the number of changes in energy flow across a given surface per unit area

Forcenoun

(physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; "force equals mass times acceleration"

Free energynoun

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs; "energy c…

Fundamental interactionnoun

(physics) the transfer of energy between elementary particles or between an elementary particle and a field or between fields; mediated by gauge…

Fundamental particlenoun

(physics) a particle that is less complex than an atom; regarded as constituents of all matter

Galaxynoun

(astronomy) a collection of star systems; any of the billions of systems each having many stars and nebulae and dust; "‘extragalactic nebula’ is…

Gas constantnoun

(physics) the universal constant in the gas equation: pressure times volume = R times temperature; equal to 8.3143 joules per kelvin per mole

Gay-Lussac's lawnoun

(physics) the density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the temperature

Gravitationnoun

(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface;…

Gravitational attractionnoun

(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface;…

Gravitational constantnoun

(physics) the universal constant relating force to mass and distance in Newton's law of gravitation

Gravitational forcenoun

(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface;…

Gravitational massnoun

(physics) the mass of a body as measured by its gravitational attraction for other bodies

Gravitational theorynoun

(physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and…

Gravitational wavenoun

(physics) a wave that is hypothesized to propagate gravity and to travel at the speed of light

Gravitynoun

(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface;…

Gravity wavenoun

(physics) a wave that is hypothesized to propagate gravity and to travel at the speed of light

Ground statenoun

(physics) the lowest energy state of an atom or other particle

Hanoun

(astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial point measured westward along the celestial equator from the zenith crossing; the right ascensio…

Hitnoun

(physics) a brief event in which two or more bodies come together; "the collision of the particles resulted in an exchange of energy and a chang…

Hodoscopenoun

(physics) scientific instrument that traces the path of a charged particle

Hooke's lawnoun

(physics) the principle that (within the elastic limit) the stress applied to a solid is proportional to the strain produced

Hour anglenoun

(astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial point measured westward along the celestial equator from the zenith crossing; the right ascensio…

Hubble lawnoun

(astronomy) the generalization that the speed of recession of distant galaxies (the red shift) is proportional to their distance from the observ…

Hubble's lawnoun

(astronomy) the generalization that the speed of recession of distant galaxies (the red shift) is proportional to their distance from the observ…

Immersionnoun

(astronomy) the disappearance of a celestial body prior to an eclipse

Inclinationnoun

(astronomy) the angle between the plane of the orbit and the plane of the ecliptic stated in degrees

Inclinationnoun

(physics) the angle that a magnetic needle makes with the plane of the horizon

Inclination of an orbitnoun

(astronomy) the angle between the plane of the orbit and the plane of the ecliptic stated in degrees

Incoherentadjective

(physics) of waves having no stable definite or stable phase relation

Inertianoun

(physics) the tendency of a body to maintain its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force