Specialist dictionary

Logic and argument

Validity, inference, propositions, arguments and formal reasoning.

Core vocabulary

95 featured terms

The database can contain more terms than shown here; this page prioritises the strongest mappings.

Aristotelianismnoun

(philosophy) the philosophy of Aristotle that deals with logic and metaphysics and ethics and poetics and politics and natural science; "Aristot…

Formalismnoun

(philosophy) the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physica…

Logicismnoun

(philosophy) the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic

Mechanismnoun

(philosophy) the philosophical theory that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes

Peripateticismnoun

(philosophy) the philosophy of Aristotle that deals with logic and metaphysics and ethics and poetics and politics and natural science; "Aristot…

Argumentnoun

a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning; "I can't follow your line of rea…

Argumentnoun

a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on"

Argumentationnoun

a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning; "I can't follow your line of rea…

Argumentationnoun

a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on"

Assumptionnoun

a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured, we can infer that…

Cogencynoun

the quality of being valid and rigorous

Conclusionnoun

the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)

Consistencynoun

(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that none of the propositions deducible from the axioms contradict one another

Contradictionnoun

(logic) a statement that is necessarily false; "the statement ‘he is brave and he is not brave’ is a contradiction"

Contradiction in termsnoun

(logic) a statement that is necessarily false; "the statement ‘he is brave and he is not brave’ is a contradiction"

Debatenoun

a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on"

Deductionnoun

reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)

Deductionnoun

something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); "his resignation had political implications"

Deductive reasoningnoun

reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)

Entailmentnoun

something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); "his resignation had political implications"

Fallacynoun

a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning

False beliefnoun

a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning

Illationnoun

the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather…

Implicationnoun

something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); "his resignation had political implications"

Inductionnoun

a formal entry into an organization or position or office; "his initiation into the club"; "he was ordered to report for induction into the army…

Inferencenoun

the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather…

Initiationnoun

a formal entry into an organization or position or office; "his initiation into the club"; "he was ordered to report for induction into the army…

Installationnoun

a formal entry into an organization or position or office; "his initiation into the club"; "he was ordered to report for induction into the army…

Linenoun

a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning; "I can't follow your line of rea…

Line of reasoningnoun

a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning; "I can't follow your line of rea…

Logicnoun

reasoned and reasonable judgment; "it made a certain kind of logic"

Logicaladjective

capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning; "a logical mind"

Logical argumentnoun

a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning; "I can't follow your line of rea…

Premisenoun

a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured, we can infer that…

Premissnoun

a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured, we can infer that…

Propositionnoun

(logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false

Ratiocinationnoun

the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)

Rigornoun

the quality of being valid and rigorous

Rigournoun

the quality of being valid and rigorous

Soundnessnoun

the quality of being prudent and sensible

Syllogismnoun

deductive reasoning in which a conclusion is derived from two premises

Synthesisnoun

reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)

Validitynoun

the quality of being valid and rigorous

Wisdomnoun

the quality of being prudent and sensible

Wisenessnoun

the quality of being prudent and sensible

Advisabilitynoun

the quality of being advisable; "they questioned the advisability of our policy"

Analogynoun

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

Antinomynoun

a contradiction between two statements that seem equally reasonable

Axiomnoun

(logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident

Casuistrynoun

argumentation that is specious or excessively subtle and intended to be misleading

Conditionnoun

an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else

Conversenoun

a proposition obtained by conversion

Corollarynoun

(logic) an inference that follows directly from the proof of another proposition

Coronationnoun

the ceremony of installing a new monarch

Derivationnoun

a line of reasoning that shows how a conclusion follows logically from accepted propositions

Enthronementnoun

the ceremony of installing a new monarch

Enthronizationnoun

the ceremony of installing a new monarch

Extrapolationnoun

an inference about the future (or about some hypothetical situation) based on known facts and observations

Inauguralnoun

the ceremonial induction into a position; "the new president obviously enjoyed his inauguration"

Inaugurationnoun

the ceremonial induction into a position; "the new president obviously enjoyed his inauguration"

Investiturenoun

the ceremony of installing a new monarch

Lemmanoun

a subsidiary proposition that is assumed to be true in order to prove another proposition

Logomachynoun

argument about words or the meaning of words

Negationnoun

(logic) a proposition that is true if and only if another proposition is false

Paradoxnoun

(logic) a statement that contradicts itself; "‘I always lie’ is a paradox because if it is true it must be false"

Paralogismnoun

an unintentionally invalid argument

Particularnoun

(logic) a proposition that asserts something about some (but not all) members of a class

Policynoun

a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government; "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation"

Positnoun

(logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning

Postulatenoun

(logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning

Preconditionnoun

an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else

Presumptionnoun

(law) an inference of the truth of a fact from other facts proved or admitted or judicially noticed

Reasonablenessnoun

goodness of reason and judgment; "the judiciary is built on the reasonableness of judges"

Scenarionoun

a postulated sequence of possible events; "planners developed several scenarios in case of an attack"

Sophismnoun

a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone

Sophisticationnoun

a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone

Sophistrynoun

a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone

Stipulationnoun

an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else

Subsumptionnoun

the premise of a syllogism that contains the minor term (which is the subject of the conclusion)

Theoremnoun

a proposition deducible from basic postulates

Thesisnoun

an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument

Universalnoun

(logic) a proposition that asserts something of all members of a class

Alchemynoun

a pseudoscientific forerunner of chemistry in medieval times

Astrologynoun

a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moon

Bayes' postulatenoun

(statistics) the difficulty of applying Bayes' theorem is that the probabilities of the different causes are seldom known, in which case it may…

Boundary conditionnoun

(mathematics) a condition specified for the solution to a set of differential equations

Clericalismnoun

a policy of supporting the influence and power of the clergy in secular or political matters

Euclid's axiomnoun

(mathematics) any of five axioms that are generally recognized as the basis for Euclidean geometry

Euclid's postulatenoun

(mathematics) any of five axioms that are generally recognized as the basis for Euclidean geometry

Euclidean axiomnoun

(mathematics) any of five axioms that are generally recognized as the basis for Euclidean geometry

Hysteron proteronnoun

the logical fallacy of using as a true premise a proposition that is yet to be proved

Planknoun

an endorsed policy in the platform of a political party

Provisionnoun

a stipulated condition; "he accepted subject to one provision"

Provisonoun

a stipulated condition; "he accepted subject to one provision"

Sensiblenessnoun

the quality of showing good sense or practical judgment