Subject dictionary

Law

Legal systems, rights, courts, contracts and legal processes.

Core vocabulary

120 featured terms

The database can contain more terms than shown here; this page prioritises the strongest mappings.

Abatement of a nuisancenoun

(law) the removal or termination or destruction of something that has been found to be a nuisance

Acceptancenoun

(contract law) words signifying consent to the terms of an offer (thereby creating a contract)

Accessionnoun

(civil law) the right to all of that which your property produces whether by growth or improvement

Accretionnoun

(law) an increase in a beneficiary's share in an estate (as when a co-beneficiary dies or fails to meet some condition or rejects the inheritanc…

Actual damagesnoun

(law) compensation for losses that can readily be proven to have occurred and for which the injured party has the right to be compensated

Actual possessionnoun

(law) immediate and direct physical control over property

Addictionnoun

(Roman law) a formal award by a magistrate of a thing or person to another person (as the award of a debtor to their creditor); a surrender to a…

Alibinoun

(law) a defense by an accused person purporting to show that they could not have committed the crime in question

Alienationnoun

(law) the voluntary and absolute transfer of title and possession of real property from one person to another; "the power of alienation is an es…

Allegationnoun

(law) a formal accusation against somebody (often in a court of law); "an allegation of malpractice"

Annulmentnoun

(law) a formal termination (of a relationship or a judicial proceeding etc.)

Appealnoun

(law) a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court for the purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision and a…

Appointmentnoun

(law) the act of disposing of property by virtue of the power of appointment; "she allocated part of the trust to her church by appointment"

Arbitrationnoun

(law) the hearing and determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties (often used to settle disputes between labor…

Assigneenoun

(law) the party to whom something is assigned (e.g., someone to whom a right or property is legally transferred)

Assignmentnoun

(law) a transfer of property by deed of conveyance

Assignornoun

(law) the party who makes an assignment

Assumed namenoun

(law) a name under which a corporation conducts business that is not the legal name of the corporation as shown in its articles of incorporation

Attestantnoun

(law) a person who attests to the genuineness of a document or signature by adding their own signature

Attestatornoun

(law) a person who attests to the genuineness of a document or signature by adding their own signature

Attestornoun

(law) a person who attests to the genuineness of a document or signature by adding their own signature

Bailnoun

(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial; "the judge set bail at $10,…

Bail bondnoun

(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial; "the judge set bail at $10,…

Barnoun

(law) a railing that encloses the part of the courtroom where the judges and lawyers sit and the case is tried; "spectators were not allowed pas…

Barratrynoun

(maritime law) a fraudulent breach of duty by the master of a ship that injures the owner of the ship or its cargo; includes every breach of tru…

Benchnoun

(law) the seat for judges in a courtroom

Bequestnoun

(law) a gift of personal property by will

Bondnoun

(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial; "the judge set bail at $10,…

case lawnoun

(civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions

Caveatnoun

(law) a formal notice filed with a court or officer to suspend a proceeding until filer is given a hearing; "a caveat filed against the probate…

Cease and desist ordernoun

(law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity; "injunctions were formerly obtain…

Chargenoun

(criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense; "he was arrested on a charge of larceny"

Circuitnoun

(law) a judicial division of a state or the United States (so-called because originally judges traveled and held court in different locations);…

Citationnoun

(law) the act of citing (as of spoken words or written passages or legal precedents etc.)

Civil wrongnoun

(law) any wrongdoing for which an action for damages may be brought

Combination in restraint of tradenoun

(law) any monopoly or contract or combination or conspiracy intended to restrain commerce (which are illegal according to antitrust laws of the…

common lawnoun

(civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions

Commutationnoun

(law) the reduction in severity of a punishment imposed by law

Comparative negligencenoun

(law) negligence allocated between the plaintiff and the defendant with a corresponding reduction in damages paid to the plaintiff

Compensatory damagesnoun

(law) compensation for losses that can readily be proven to have occurred and for which the injured party has the right to be compensated

Complaintnoun

(criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense; "he was arrested on a charge of larceny"

Complaintnoun

(civil law) the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim for relief is based

Concurrent negligencenoun

(law) negligence of two of more persons acting independently; the plaintiff may sue both together or separately

Condemnationnoun

(criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed; "the conviction came as no surprise"

Condemnationnoun

(law) the act of condemning (as land forfeited for public use) or judging to be unfit for use (as a food product or an unsafe building)

Connivancenoun

(law) tacit approval of someone's wrongdoing

Constructive possessionnoun

(law) having the power and intention to have and control property but without direct control or actual presence upon it

Contractnoun

a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

Contractornoun

(law) a party to a contract

Contributory negligencenoun

(law) behavior by the plaintiff that contributes to the harm resulting from the defendant's negligence; "in common law any degree of contributor…

Convictionnoun

(criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed; "the conviction came as no surprise"

Crimenoun

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act; "a long record of crimes"

Criminal negligencenoun

(law) recklessly acting without reasonable caution and putting another person at risk of injury or death (or failing to do something with the sa…

Criminal offencenoun

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act; "a long record of crimes"

Criminal offensenoun

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act; "a long record of crimes"

Criminal possessionnoun

(law) possession for which criminal sanctions are provided because the property may not lawfully be possessed or may not be possessed under cert…

Cross-examinationnoun

(law) close questioning of a hostile witness in a court of law to discredit or throw a new light on the testimony already provided in direct exa…

Culpable negligencenoun

(law) recklessly acting without reasonable caution and putting another person at risk of injury or death (or failing to do something with the sa…

DBAnoun

(law) a name under which a corporation conducts business that is not the legal name of the corporation as shown in its articles of incorporation

Declarationnoun

(law) unsworn statement that can be admitted in evidence in a legal transaction; "his declaration of innocence"

Demurnoun

(law) a formal objection to an opponent's pleadings

Demurralnoun

(law) a formal objection to an opponent's pleadings

Demurrernoun

(law) any pleading that attacks the legal sufficiency of the opponent's pleadings

Demurrernoun

(law) a formal objection to an opponent's pleadings

Depositionnoun

(law) a pretrial interrogation of a witness; usually conducted in a lawyer's office

Derogationnoun

(law) the partial taking away of the effectiveness of a law; a partial repeal or abolition of a law; "any derogation of the common law is to be…

Devisenoun

(law) a gift of real property by will

Direct examinationnoun

(law) the initial questioning of a witness by the party that called the witness

Disclaimernoun

(law) a voluntary repudiation of a person's legal claim to something

Discoverynoun

(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side…

Dissentnoun

(law) the difference of one judge's opinion from that of the majority; "he expressed his dissent in a contrary opinion"

Docketnoun

(law) the calendar of a court; the list of cases to be tried or a summary of the court's activities

Doing Business Asnoun

(law) a name under which a corporation conducts business that is not the legal name of the corporation as shown in its articles of incorporation

Domicilenoun

(law) the residence where you have your permanent home or principal establishment and to where, whenever you are absent, you intend to return; e…

due processnoun

(law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle that a person cannot be deprived of li…

Due process of lawnoun

(law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle that a person cannot be deprived of li…

Easementnoun

(law) the privilege of using something that is not your own (as using another's land as a right of way to your own land)

Enjoiningnoun

(law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity; "injunctions were formerly obtain…

Enjoinmentnoun

(law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity; "injunctions were formerly obtain…

Enjoymentnoun

(law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat"

Estate for lifenoun

(law) an estate whose duration is limited to the life of the person holding it

Evasive answernoun

(law) an answer by a defendant that fails to admit or deny the allegations set forth in the complaint

Evidencenoun

(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Executionnoun

(law) the completion of a legal instrument (such as a contract or deed) by signing it (and perhaps sealing and delivering it) so that it becomes…

Execution of instrumentnoun

(law) the completion of a legal instrument (such as a contract or deed) by signing it (and perhaps sealing and delivering it) so that it becomes…

Exemplary damagesnoun

(law) compensation in excess of actual damages (a form of punishment awarded in cases of malicious or willful misconduct)

False imprisonmentnoun

(law) confinement without legal authority

False pretencenoun

(law) an offense involving intent to defraud and false representation and obtaining property as a result of that misrepresentation

False pretensenoun

(law) an offense involving intent to defraud and false representation and obtaining property as a result of that misrepresentation

Fictitious namenoun

(law) a name under which a corporation conducts business that is not the legal name of the corporation as shown in its articles of incorporation

Filibusternoun

(law) a tactic for delaying or obstructing legislation by making long speeches

Finding of factnoun

(law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment

General damagesnoun

(law) compensation for losses that can readily be proven to have occurred and for which the injured party has the right to be compensated

Geographical indicationnoun

(law) a name or sign used on certain products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or origin

GInoun

(law) a name or sign used on certain products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or origin

Grantnoun

(law) a transfer of property by deed of conveyance

Hearingnoun

(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on…

Heirloomnoun

(law) any property that is considered by law or custom as inseparable from an inheritance is inherited with that inheritance

Human rightnoun

(law) any basic right or freedom to which all human beings are entitled and in whose exercise a government may not interfere (including rights t…

Infectionnoun

(international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure

Injunctionnoun

(law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity; "injunctions were formerly obtain…

Insanity pleanoun

(criminal law) a plea in which the defendant claims innocence due to mental incompetence at the time

Instrumentnoun

(law) a document that states some contractual relationship or grants some right

Interestnoun

(law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something; "they have interests all over the world"; "a stake in the com…

Intervenornoun

(law) a party who interposes in a pending proceeding

Interventionnoun

(law) a proceeding that permits a person to enter into a lawsuit already in progress; admission of person not an original party to the suit so t…

Invalidationnoun

(law) a formal termination (of a relationship or a judicial proceeding etc.)

Jactitationnoun

(law) a false boast that can harm others; especially a false claim to be married to someone (formerly actionable at law)

Jointurenoun

(law) an estate secured to a prospective wife as a marriage settlement in lieu of a dower

Judgementnoun

(law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it

Judgmentnoun

(law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it

Judgment of convictionnoun

(criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed; "the conviction came as no surprise"

Judicial admissionnoun

(law) an agreement or concession made by parties in a judicial proceeding (or by their attorneys) relating to the business before the court; mus…

Judicial decisionnoun

(law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it

Judicial doctrinenoun

(law) a principle underlying the formulation of jurisprudence

Judicial principlenoun

(law) a principle underlying the formulation of jurisprudence

Judicial writnoun

(law) a legal document issued by a court or judicial officer

Jurisdictionnoun

(law) the right and power to interpret and apply the law; "courts having jurisdiction in this district"

Kidnappingnoun

(law) the unlawful act of capturing and carrying away a person against their will and holding them in false imprisonment

Law-breakingnoun

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act; "a long record of crimes"