Specialist dictionary

Inorganic chemistry

Elements, minerals, metals and non-carbon systems.

Core vocabulary

120 featured terms

The database can contain more terms than shown here; this page prioritises the strongest mappings.

Bravais latticenoun

a 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of the atoms or molecules or ions composing a crystal

Complexnoun

a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated

Coordination compoundnoun

a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated

Crystal latticenoun

a 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of the atoms or molecules or ions composing a crystal

Ligandnoun

a substance (an atom or molecule or radical or ion) that forms a complex around a central atom

Organometallic compoundnoun

a compound containing an alkyl or aryl radical bonded to a metal.; "Tetracarbonyl nickel, and ferrocene are examples of organometallic compounds…

Oxidation numbernoun

the degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule; for simple atoms or ions the oxidation number is equal to the ionic charge; "the oxidatio…

Oxidation statenoun

the degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule; for simple atoms or ions the oxidation number is equal to the ionic charge; "the oxidatio…

Space latticenoun

a 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of the atoms or molecules or ions composing a crystal

Metalnoun

any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

Metallic elementnoun

any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

Mineralnoun

solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

Oxidationnoun

A reaction in which a substance loses electrons.

Reductionnoun

A reaction in which a substance gains electrons.

Hydrochloridenoun

a complex consisting of an organic base in association with hydrogen chloride

Alnoun

a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite

Aluminiumnoun

a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite

Aluminumnoun

a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite

Amnoun

a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by bombarding uranium with helium atoms

Amphibolenoun

a mineral or mineral variety belonging to the amphibole group

Antimonynoun

a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite

Apatitenoun

a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus

Aragonitenoun

a mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite

Argentitenoun

a valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S)

Arsenopyritenoun

a silver-white or grey ore of arsenic

Asphaltnoun

a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons

Atomic number 11noun

a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a…

Atomic number 19noun

a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in na…

Augitenoun

dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium

Banoun

a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite

Baritenoun

a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium

Bariumnoun

a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite

Barytesnoun

a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium

Bauxitenoun

a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst

Benoun

a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element

Berylnoun

the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems

Berylliumnoun

a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element

Binoun

a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores…

Bismuthnoun

a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores…

Bitter sparnoun

a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer

Blendenoun

an ore that is the chief source of zinc; consists largely of zinc sulfide in crystalline form

Boraxnoun

an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent

Bornitenoun

a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits

Cadmiumnoun

a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores

Caesiumnoun

a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal

Calaminenoun

a white mineral; a common ore of zinc

Calciumnoun

a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most…

Carnallitenoun

a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and mag…

Cassiteritenoun

a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin

Celestitenoun

a mineral consisting of strontium sulphate

Ceriumnoun

a ductile grey metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group

Cerussitenoun

a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead

CFnoun

a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles

Chalcocitenoun

a heavy grey mineral that is an ore of copper

Chalcopyritenoun

a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper and iron sulfide

Chloritenoun

a generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal

Chromitenoun

a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium

Chromiumnoun

a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing

Chrysoberylnoun

a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone

Cinnabarnoun

a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury

Conoun

a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition

Cobaltnoun

a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition

Cobaltitenoun

a rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt

Columbitenoun

a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum

Coppernoun

a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs…

Cordieritenoun

a blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone

Corundumnoun

very hard mineral used as an abrasive

Crocoitenoun

a rare lead chromite mineral that forms bright orange crystals

Cryolitenoun

a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine

Cupritenoun

a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper

Cyanitenoun

a grey or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory

Dolomitenoun

a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer

Emerynoun

a hard grey-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)

Erbiumnoun

a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium

Erythritenoun

a reddish mineral consisting of hydrated cobalt arsenate in monoclinic crystalline form and used in coloring glass; usually found in veins beari…

Eunoun

a bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group

Fergusonitenoun

a dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals

Fluornoun

a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine

Fluoritenoun

a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine

Gadolinitenoun

a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium

Gadoliniumnoun

a ductile silvery-white ductile ferromagnetic trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group

Galenanoun

soft blue-grey mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead

Galliumnoun

a rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in b…

Garnetnoun

any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive

Garnieritenoun

a green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel

Gibbsitenoun

white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina

Glauconitenoun

a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand

Greenockitenoun

ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form

Gypsumnoun

a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)

Halitenoun

naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride

Heavy sparnoun

a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium

Honoun

a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds

Holmiumnoun

a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds

Hydrargyrumnoun

a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

Idocrasenoun

a green or yellow or brown mineral consisting of a hydrated silicate; it occurs as crystals in limestone and is used a gemstone

Ilmenitenoun

a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium

Innoun

a rare soft silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite

Indiumnoun

a rare soft silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite

Iridiumnoun

a heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium

Iridosminenoun

a hard and corrosion resistant mineral that is a natural alloy of osmium and iridium (usually containing small amounts of rhodium and platinum);…

Ironnoun

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a…

Isinglassnoun

any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into…

Jadeitenoun

a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma

Kainitenoun

a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer

Kieseritenoun

a white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines

Lanoun

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

Lanthanumnoun

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

Leadnoun

a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey; "the children were playing with…

Linoun

a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals

Lithiumnoun

a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals

Lunoun

a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium

Magnesianoun

a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium

Magnesitenoun

a white mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium

Magnesiumnoun

a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (…

Malachitenoun

a green or blue mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects

Malthanoun

a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt

Manganesenoun

a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals

Manganitenoun

a black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese

Meerschaumnoun

a white clayey mineral

Mercurynoun

a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures