Subject dictionary

Linguistics

Language structure, meaning, sound, change and use.

Core vocabulary

120 featured terms

The database can contain more terms than shown here; this page prioritises the strongest mappings.

Accentnoun

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch); "he put the stress on the wrong syllable"

allophonenoun

(linguistics) any of various acoustically different forms of the same phoneme

Aphaeresisnoun

(linguistics) omission at the beginning of a word as in ‘coon’ for ‘raccoon’ or ‘till’ for ‘until’

Apheresisnoun

(linguistics) omission at the beginning of a word as in ‘coon’ for ‘raccoon’ or ‘till’ for ‘until’

Basenoun

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem"

Central vowelnoun

(linguistics) any vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.; "In practice, unrounded central…

Cohesionnoun

(linguistics) the grammatical and lexical linking within a text or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning.; "While lexical coh…

Complementary distributionnoun

(linguistics) a distribution of related speech sounds or forms in such a way that they only appear in different contexts

Complementationnoun

(linguistics) a distribution of related speech sounds or forms in such a way that they only appear in different contexts

Derivationnoun

(historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase

Derivationnoun

(descriptive linguistics) the process whereby new words are formed from existing words or bases by affixation; "‘singer’ from ‘sing’ or ‘undo’ f…

Derivativenoun

(linguistics) a word that is derived from another word; "‘electricity’ is a derivative of ‘electric’"

Derivingnoun

(historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase

descriptivismnoun

(linguistics) a doctrine supporting or promoting descriptive linguistics

Emphasisnoun

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch); "he put the stress on the wrong syllable"

Etymologizingnoun

(historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase

Featurenoun

(linguistics) a distinctive characteristic of a linguistic unit that serves to distinguish it from other units of the same kind

Feature of speechnoun

(linguistics) a distinctive characteristic of a linguistic unit that serves to distinguish it from other units of the same kind

Generative grammarnoun

(linguistics) a type of grammar that describes syntax in terms of a set of logical rules that can generate all and only the infinite number of g…

Inanimacynoun

(linguistics) The characteristic of a noun, in some languages, that is dependent on its unliving or non-sentient nature; this characteristic aff…

Linguistic competencenoun

(linguistics) a speaker's implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of their language (contrasted with linguistic performance)

Linguistic performancenoun

(linguistics) a speaker's actual use of language in real situations; what the speaker actually says, including grammatical errors and other non-…

Linguistic rulenoun

(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice

Linguistic universalnoun

(linguistics) a grammatical rule (or other linguistic feature) that is found in all languages

Mid vowelnoun

(linguistics) Any vowel sound made with a somewhat elevated position of some certain part of the tongue, in relation to the palate; midway betwe…

Morphophonemenoun

(linguistics) the phonemes (or strings of phonemes) that constitute the various allomorphs of a morpheme

Oral vowelnoun

(linguistics) an ordinary vowel that is produced without nasalization.; "An oral vowel is produced with the soft palate in a raised position, so…

Participant rolenoun

(linguistics) the underlying relation that a constituent has with the main verb in a clause

Phonemenoun

(linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language

Phylumnoun

(linguistics) a large group of languages that are historically related

Postpositionnoun

(linguistics) the placing of one linguistic element after another (as placing a modifier after the word that it modifies in a sentence or placin…

Prepositionnoun

(linguistics) the placing of one linguistic element before another (as placing a modifier before the word it modifies in a sentence or placing a…

prescriptivismnoun

(linguistics) a doctrine supporting or promoting prescriptive linguistics

Radicalnoun

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem"

Rootnoun

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem"

Root wordnoun

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem"

Rounded vowelnoun

(linguistics) A vowel that is pronounced with the lips drawn together and forming a circular opening.; "Thus rounded vowels and labialized conso…

Rulenoun

(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice

Semantic rolenoun

(linguistics) the underlying relation that a constituent has with the main verb in a clause

Stemnoun

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem"

Stressnoun

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch); "he put the stress on the wrong syllable"

Themenoun

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem"

Tonenoun

(linguistics) a pitch or change in pitch of the voice that serves to distinguish words in tonal languages; "the Beijing dialect uses four tones"

Topicalizationnoun

(linguistics) emphasis placed on the topic or focus of a sentence by preposing it to the beginning of the sentence; placing the topic at the beg…

Universalnoun

(linguistics) a grammatical rule (or other linguistic feature) that is found in all languages

Voicenoun

(linguistics) the grammatical relation (active or passive) of the grammatical subject of a verb to the action that the verb denotes

Accentnoun

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people; "the immigrants spoke an odd dialect of English"; "he has a strong…

Antonymnoun

a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other; "to him the anto…

deixisnoun

the function of pointing or specifying from the perspective of a participant in an act of speech or writing; aspects of a communication whose in…

Dialectnoun

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people; "the immigrants spoke an odd dialect of English"; "he has a strong…

Equivalent wordnoun

two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context

Hypernymnoun

a word that is more generic than a given word

Hyponymnoun

a word that is more specific than a given word

Idiomnoun

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people; "the immigrants spoke an odd dialect of English"; "he has a strong…

Illationnoun

the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather…

Inferencenoun

the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather…

Lexical ambiguitynoun

the ambiguity of an individual word or phrase that can be used (in different contexts) to express two or more different meanings

Morphemenoun

minimal meaningful language unit; it cannot be divided into smaller meaningful units

Nominalnoun

a phrase that can function as the subject or object of a verb

Nominal phrasenoun

a phrase that can function as the subject or object of a verb

Noun phrasenoun

a phrase that can function as the subject or object of a verb

Oppositenoun

a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other; "to him the anto…

Opposite wordnoun

a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other; "to him the anto…

Phonenoun

(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language

Phonetic transcriptionnoun

a transcription intended to represent each distinct speech sound with a separate symbol

Polysemynoun

the ambiguity of an individual word or phrase that can be used (in different contexts) to express two or more different meanings

Predicatenoun

one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements

Soundnoun

(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language

Speech actnoun

the use of language to perform some act

Speech soundnoun

(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language

Standard languagenoun

A particular variety of a language that is regarded as the most correct way of writing or speaking the language.; "Received Pronunciation (RP) i…

Subordinatenoun

a word that is more specific than a given word

Subordinate wordnoun

a word that is more specific than a given word

Superordinatenoun

a word that is more generic than a given word

Superordinate wordnoun

a word that is more generic than a given word

Syllablenoun

a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme; "the word ‘pocket’ has two syllables"

Synonymnoun

two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context

Verb phrasenoun

one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements

Word ordernoun

the order of words in a text

Corpusnoun

A large organised collection of real language examples.

Dialectnoun

A form of a language associated with a place or group.

Etymologynoun

The history of where a word came from and how it changed.

Lexiconnoun

The set of words used in a language or field.

Morphemenoun

The smallest meaningful part of a word.

Morphologynoun

The study of how words are built from parts.

Phonemenoun

A sound contrast that can change one word into another.

Phonologynoun

The study of sound systems in language.

Pragmaticsnoun

The study of what speakers mean in real situations, beyond the literal words.

Registernoun

The level and style of language used in a situation.

Semanticsnoun

The study of meaning in language.

Syntaxnoun

The way words are arranged to form sentences.

Clausenoun

(grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate functioning as a part of a complex sentence

Constituentnoun

(grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction

Grammatical constituentnoun

(grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction

Objectnoun

(grammar) a constituent that is acted upon; "the object of the verb"

Sentencenoun

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language; "he always spoke in grammatical sentences"

Subjectnoun

(grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated

allophonenoun

One of the different sounds used to pronounce the same basic speech sound.

Bilingualismnoun

Using or being able to use two languages.

Clausenoun

A group of words built around a verb, often with a subject.

code-switchingnoun

Changing between languages or speech styles during a conversation.

Collocationnoun

Words that are commonly used together.

Consonantnoun

A speech sound made by restricting the flow of air.

deixisnoun

Words such as here, now and I whose meaning depends on context.

descriptivismnoun

The study of language as people really speak and write it.

Discoursenoun

Connected language as it is used in a conversation, text or social setting.

Grammarnoun

The patterns that determine how words and sentences are formed.

Idiomnoun

A phrase with a recognised meaning different from the literal words.

Inflectionnoun

A change to a word form that shows grammar, such as walked or books.

lexemenoun

The basic dictionary unit behind forms such as run, runs and ran.

loanwordnoun

A word borrowed from another language.

Orthographynoun

The accepted rules for writing and spelling a language.

Phoneticsnoun

The study of how speech sounds are made and heard.

prescriptivismnoun

The view that language should follow preferred standards and rules.

semantic shiftnoun

A change in what a word means over time.

sociolinguisticsnoun

The study of how language varies across social groups and situations.

Accentuationnoun

the use or application of an accent; the relative prominence of syllables in a phrase or utterance

Activenoun

the voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is performing the action or causing the happening denoted by the verb; "‘The…

Active voicenoun

the voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is performing the action or causing the happening denoted by the verb; "‘The…

Affected rolenoun

the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause