Specialist dictionary

Geomorphology and geology

Landforms, rocks, erosion, tectonics and processes shaping landscapes.

Core vocabulary

120 featured terms

The database can contain more terms than shown here; this page prioritises the strongest mappings.

Accretionnoun

(geology) an increase in land resulting from alluvial deposits or waterborne sediment

Bednoun

(geology) a stratum of rock (especially sedimentary rock); "they found a bed of sandstone"

Breaknoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Clastnoun

(geology) a constituent fragment of a clastic rock

Clastic rocknoun

(geology) a rock composed of broken pieces of older rocks

Deflationnoun

(geology) the erosion of soil as a consequence of sand and dust and loose rocks being removed by the wind; "a constant deflation of the desert l…

Eating awaynoun

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it), also figuratively

Erodingnoun

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it), also figuratively

Erosionnoun

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it), also figuratively

Eskernoun

(geology) a long winding ridge of post glacial gravel and other sediment; deposited by meltwater from glaciers or ice sheets

Exceedancenoun

(geology) the probability that an earthquake will generate a level of ground motion that exceeds a specified reference level during a given expo…

Faultnoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Fault linenoun

(geology) line determined by the intersection of a geological fault and the earth's surface

Faultingnoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Foliationnoun

(geology) the arrangement of leaflike layers in a rock

Formationnoun

(geology) the geological features of the earth

Fracturenoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Geologic processnoun

(geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified

Geological faultnoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Geological formationnoun

(geology) the geological features of the earth

Geological processnoun

(geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified

Geologynoun

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

Groundmassnoun

(geology) the matrix of fine-grained crystalline material in which larger crystals are embedded

Heavenoun

(geology) a horizontal dislocation

Hoodoonoun

(geology) a column of weathered and unusually shaped rock; "a tall sandstone hoodoo"

Isostasynoun

(geology) a general equilibrium of the forces tending to elevate or depress the earth's crust

Kettlenoun

(geology) a hollow (typically filled by a lake) that results from the melting of a mass of ice trapped in glacial deposits

Kettle holenoun

(geology) a hollow (typically filled by a lake) that results from the melting of a mass of ice trapped in glacial deposits

Matrixnoun

(geology) a mass of fine-grained rock in which fossils, crystals, or gems are embedded

Principle of superpositionnoun

(geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest

Saltationnoun

(geology) the leaping movement of sand or soil particles as they are transported in a fluid medium over an uneven surface

Scablandsnoun

(geology) flat elevated land with poor soil and little vegetation that is scarred by dry channels of glacial origin (especially in eastern Washi…

Shiftnoun

(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geolog…

Shinglingnoun

(geology) sediment in which flat pebbles are uniformly tilted in the same direction

Sillnoun

(geology) a flat (usually horizontal) mass of igneous rock between two layers of older sedimentary rock

Slidenoun

(geology) the descent of a large mass of earth or rocks or snow etc.

Superpositionnoun

(geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest

Superpositionnoun

(geology) the deposition of one geological stratum on another

Superposition principlenoun

(geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest

Upheavalnoun

(geology) a rise of land to a higher elevation (as in the process of mountain building)

Upliftnoun

(geology) a rise of land to a higher elevation (as in the process of mountain building)

Upthrownoun

(geology) a rise of land to a higher elevation (as in the process of mountain building)

Upthrustnoun

(geology) a rise of land to a higher elevation (as in the process of mountain building)

Wearingnoun

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it), also figuratively

Wearing awaynoun

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it), also figuratively

Xenolithnoun

(geology) a piece of rock of different origin from the igneous rock in which it is embedded

Depositionnoun

the act of deposing someone; removing a powerful person from a position or office

Dethronementnoun

the act of deposing someone; removing a powerful person from a position or office

Earthquakenoun

shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

Geomorphologynoun

the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land forms

Glaciernoun

a slowly moving mass of ice

Morphologynoun

the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land forms

Mountnoun

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

Mountainnoun

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

Platenoun

structural member consisting of a horizontal beam that provides bearing and anchorage

Quakenoun

shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

Seismnoun

shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

Tectonicadjective

pertaining to the structure or movement of the earth's crust; "tectonic plates"; "tectonic valleys"

Temblornoun

shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

Valenoun

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

Valleynoun

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

Ventnoun

a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

Volcanonoun

a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

Ablationnoun

the erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers

Abrasionnoun

erosion by friction

Alluvionnoun

gradual formation of new land, by recession of the sea or deposit of sediment

Aquifernoun

underground bed or layer yielding ground water for wells and springs etc

Attritionnoun

erosion by friction

Avalanchenoun

a slide of large masses of snow and ice and mud down a mountain

Beachnoun

an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake

Beach erosionnoun

the erosion of beaches

Cavenoun

a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

Chainnoun

a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range"

Chain of mountainsnoun

a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range"

Chatter marknoun

marks on a glaciated rock caused by the movement of a glacier

Cliffnoun

a steep high face of rock; "he stood on a high cliff overlooking the town"; "a steep drop"

Corrasionnoun

erosion by friction

Craternoun

a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano

Deltanoun

a low triangular area of alluvial deposits where a river divides before entering a larger body of water; "the Mississippi River delta"; "the Nil…

Depressionnoun

a sunken or depressed geological formation

Desertificationnoun

the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land; "the dust storm…

Detritionnoun

erosion by friction

Diapirnoun

a domed rock formation where a core of rock has moved upward and pierced through the more brittle overlying strata

Diastrophismnoun

the process of deformation that produces continents and ocean basins in the earth's crust

Dropnoun

a steep high face of rock; "he stood on a high cliff overlooking the town"; "a steep drop"

Drop-offnoun

a steep high face of rock; "he stood on a high cliff overlooking the town"; "a steep drop"

Economic geologynoun

the branch of geology that deals with economically valuable geological materials

Elevationnoun

a raised or elevated geological formation

Foldnoun

a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock

Foldingnoun

a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock

Foliumnoun

a thin layer or stratum of (especially metamorphic) rock

Foreshorenoun

the part of the seashore between the highwater mark and the low-water mark

Fountainnoun

a natural flow of ground water

Geophysical sciencenoun

geology that uses physical principles to study properties of the earth

Geophysicsnoun

geology that uses physical principles to study properties of the earth

Glaciationnoun

the process of covering the earth with glaciers or masses of ice

Groundwater levelnoun

underground surface below which the ground is wholly saturated with water; "spring rains had raised the water table"

Hypsographynoun

the scientific study of the earth's configuration above sea level (emphasizing the measurement of land altitudes relative to sea level)

Ice massnoun

a large mass of ice

Inclinenoun

an elevated geological formation; "he climbed the steep slope"; "the house was built on the side of a mountain"

Inclined faultnoun

a geological fault in which one side is above the other

Intrusionnoun

the forcing of molten rock into fissures or between strata of an earlier rock formation

Lakefrontnoun

land bordering a lake

Landslidenoun

a slide of a large mass of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff

Landslipnoun

a slide of a large mass of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff

Massifnoun

a block of the earth's crust bounded by faults and shifted to form peaks of a mountain range

Metamorphismnoun

change in the structure of rock by natural agencies such as pressure or heat or introduction of new chemical substances

Mineral veinnoun

a layer of ore between layers of rock

Mineralogynoun

the branch of geology that studies minerals: their structure and properties and the ways of distinguishing them

Monoclinenoun

a geological formation in which all strata are inclined in the same direction

Mountain chainnoun

a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range"

Mountain rangenoun

a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range"

Mouthnoun

the point where a stream issues into a larger body of water; "New York is at the mouth of the Hudson"

Natural depressionnoun

a sunken or depressed geological formation

Natural elevationnoun

a raised or elevated geological formation

Natural springnoun

a natural flow of ground water

Oceanfrontnoun

land bordering an ocean

Ore bednoun

a stratum of ore

Orogenynoun

the process of mountain formation (especially by the upward displacement of the earth's crust)

Orographynoun

the science of mountains