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Sham: alternatives and connections

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Sham

That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.

88 useful connections shown 48 reviewed relationships and 40 broader connections.
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Reviewed alternatives and contrasts

These links were deliberately created. Use the interchangeability score and guidance to judge whether a word will work in your sentence.

Similar meaning 4

Counterfeit 84% connected

Representing by imitation or likeness; having a resemblance to something else; portrayed.

oewn 2023 50% interchangeable

Open English WordNet links these adjective senses as similar in meaning; they are not necessarily interchangeable.

Counterfeit 84% connected

Representing by imitation or likeness; having a resemblance to something else; portrayed.

oewn 2023 50% interchangeable

Open English WordNet links these adjective senses as similar in meaning; they are not necessarily interchangeable.

Imitative 84% connected

Inclined to imitate, copy, or follow; imitating; exhibiting some of the qualities or characteristics of a pattern or model; dependent on example; not…

oewn 2023 50% interchangeable

Open English WordNet links these adjective senses as similar in meaning; they are not necessarily interchangeable.

Imitative 84% connected

Inclined to imitate, copy, or follow; imitating; exhibiting some of the qualities or characteristics of a pattern or model; dependent on example; not…

oewn 2023 50% interchangeable

Open English WordNet links these adjective senses as similar in meaning; they are not necessarily interchangeable.

Verb group 4

Make 84% connected

A companion; a mate; often, a husband or a wife.

oewn 2023 50% interchangeable

Open English WordNet groups these verbs by closely related meaning.

Make 84% connected

A companion; a mate; often, a husband or a wife.

oewn 2023 50% interchangeable

Open English WordNet groups these verbs by closely related meaning.

Pretend 84% connected

To lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.

oewn 2023 50% interchangeable

Open English WordNet groups these verbs by closely related meaning.

Pretend 84% connected

To lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.

oewn 2023 50% interchangeable

Open English WordNet groups these verbs by closely related meaning.

Broader term 12

Act 76% connected

That which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Beguiler 76% connected

One who, or that which, beguiles.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Belie 76% connected

To show to be false; to convict of, or charge with, falsehood.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Cheat 76% connected

An act of deception or fraud; that which is the means of fraud or deception; a fraud; a trick; imposition; imposture.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Cheater 76% connected

One who cheats.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Deceiver 76% connected

One who deceives; one who leads into error; a cheat; an impostor.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Dissemble 76% connected

To hide under a false semblance or seeming; to feign (something) not to be what it really is; to put an untrue appearance upon; to disguise; to mask.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Imitation 76% connected

The act of imitating.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Misrepresent 76% connected

To represent incorrectly (almost always, unfacorably); to give a false erroneous representation of, either maliciously, ignirantly, or carelessly.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Pretend 76% connected

To lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Slicker 76% connected

That which makes smooth or sleek.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Trickster 76% connected

One who tricks; a deceiver; a tricker; a cheat.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a broader lexical category for at least one sense.

Manner of action 5

Bull 76% connected

The male of any species of cattle (Bovidae); hence, the male of any large quadruped, as the elephant; also, the male of the whale.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related verb as a more specific manner of this action.

Fake 76% connected

One of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil; a single turn or coil.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related verb as a more specific manner of this action.

Feint 76% connected

Feigned; counterfeit.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related verb as a more specific manner of this action.

Mouth 76% connected

The opening through which an animal receives food; the aperture between the jaws or between the lips; also, the cavity, containing the tongue and tee…

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related verb as a more specific manner of this action.

Play 76% connected

To engage in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake of amusement; to frolic; to spot.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related verb as a more specific manner of this action.

Narrower term 1

Ringer 76% connected

One who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings chimes on bells.

oewn 2023 0% interchangeable

Open English WordNet identifies the related term as a narrower or more specific lexical category.

Derivationally related 6

Hypocrite 74% connected

One who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who feigns to be othe…

oewn 2023 15% interchangeable

Open English WordNet records a derivational relationship between these word forms.

Hypocrite 74% connected

One who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who feigns to be othe…

oewn 2023 15% interchangeable

Open English WordNet records a derivational relationship between these word forms.

Pretense 74% connected

Alt. of Pretence

oewn 2023 15% interchangeable

Open English WordNet records a derivational relationship between these word forms.

Pretense 74% connected

Alt. of Pretence

oewn 2023 15% interchangeable

Open English WordNet records a derivational relationship between these word forms.

Skulker 74% connected

One who, or that which, skulks.

oewn 2023 15% interchangeable

Open English WordNet records a derivational relationship between these word forms.

Skulker 74% connected

One who, or that which, skulks.

oewn 2023 15% interchangeable

Open English WordNet records a derivational relationship between these word forms.

Synonym 16

Affect 92% connected

To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Assume 92% connected

To take to or upon one's self; to take formally and demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take unjustly.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Assumed 92% connected

of Assume

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Dissemble 92% connected

To hide under a false semblance or seeming; to feign (something) not to be what it really is; to put an untrue appearance upon; to disguise; to mask.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Fake 92% connected

One of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil; a single turn or coil.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

False 92% connected

Uttering falsehood; unveracious; given to deceit; dishnest; as, a false witness.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Feign 92% connected

To give a mental existence to, as to something not real or actual; to imagine; to invent; hence, to pretend; to form and relate as if true.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Fictitious 92% connected

Feigned; imaginary; not real; fabulous; counterfeit; false; not genuine; as, fictitious fame.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Fictive 92% connected

Feigned; counterfeit.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Fraud 92% connected

Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injure…

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Impostor 92% connected

One who imposes upon others; a person who assumes a character or title not his own, for the purpose of deception; a pretender.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Pretend 92% connected

To lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Pretended 92% connected

of Pretend

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Pretender 92% connected

One who lays claim, or asserts a title (to something); a claimant.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Shammer 92% connected

One who shams; an impostor.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

Simulate 92% connected

Feigned; pretended.

oewn 2023 68% interchangeable

Open English WordNet places these words in at least one shared synset. They share a lexicalised sense, but context, register and collocation should still be checked before substitution.

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